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GNDU Question Paper 2025
B.B.A 5
th
Semester
ENGLISH COMPULSORY
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Note: Attempt Five questions in all, selecting at least One question from each section. The
Fifth question may be attempted from any section. All questions carry equal marks.
SECTION – A
1. Discuss All My Sons as a modern tragedy.
2.(a) Comment on the ending of the play All My Sons.
(b) Discuss the post-war effect in the play All My Sons.
SECTION – B
3. Write notes on:
(a) Central idea of the poem “She Walks in Beauty.”
(b) Trace the development of thought in the poem “The World is Too Much With Us.”
4. Explain the following stanzas with reference to context:
(a) The world is too much with us; late and soon,
Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers;
Little we see in Nature that is ours;
We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!
(b) My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun;
Coral is far more red than her lips’ red;
If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;
If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.
(c) When old age shall this generation waste,
Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe
Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say’st,
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“Beauty is truth, truth beauty,”—that is all
Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.
SECTION – C
5. (a).Sum up Tagore’s View on False Religion.
(b). Discuss the Technique and style of of “The Night of The Scorpions.”
6. (a). Discuss “The Portrait ” as the love lyric
(b). Give in your words the central idea of the poem “The Thought Fox.”
SECTION – D
7.(a) Write the resume for the post of the accountant in the bank.
(b). Write the letter to the editor of the newspaper about the frequent breakdown of
electricity in your locality.
8.(a). You are the Manager of Mrs. Bright Stationers, Ludhiana . Write the letter to the Ms
Sunrise Publishers, New Delhi placing an order for the textbooks and stationary items for
your shop. Give Necessary details .
(b). Write and report on the recent flood Disaster in Punjab which has described as the
worst in the past decade .
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GNDU Answer Paper 2025
B.B.A 5
th
Semester
ENGLISH COMPULSORY
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Note: Attempt Five questions in all, selecting at least One question from each section. The
Fifth question may be attempted from any section. All questions carry equal marks.
SECTION – A
1. Discuss All My Sons as a modern tragedy.
Ans: All My Sons as a Modern Tragedy
All My Sons is one of the most important plays written by Arthur Miller. First staged in 1947,
the play is considered a fine example of a modern tragedy. Through the story of the Keller
family, Arthur Miller presents the moral conflicts, emotional struggles, and social
responsibilities of ordinary people. Unlike classical tragedies that focused on kings and noble
heroes, All My Sons shows that even a common businessman can become a tragic hero. The
play combines family drama with social criticism and explores themes such as guilt,
responsibility, greed, love, sacrifice, and moral failure.
A tragedy is a literary work in which the main character suffers a downfall because of a
tragic flaw, wrong decisions, or unavoidable circumstances. In ancient tragedies, the hero
was usually a person of high rank such as a king or prince. Writers like William Shakespeare
created tragic heroes such as Hamlet, Macbeth, and King Lear, whose fall created feelings of
pity and fear in the audience. However, Arthur Miller believed that tragedy should not be
limited to royal characters. According to him, an ordinary man could also become a tragic
hero if he struggles to protect his dignity and faces destruction because of his mistakes. All
My Sons clearly reflects this modern idea of tragedy.
The central character of the play, Joe Keller, is an ordinary middle-class businessman. He
owns a factory that supplied airplane parts during World War II. Joe appears to be a loving
father, caring husband, and successful businessman. He enjoys respect in society and lives
comfortably with his family. However, behind this peaceful image lies a terrible secret.
During the war, cracked cylinder heads were sent from his factory to the military, causing
the death of twenty-one pilots. Joe knew the parts were defective, but he allowed them to
be shipped because he feared losing money and business contracts. Later, his business
partner Steve Deever was punished, while Joe escaped blame by denying responsibility.
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Joe Keller’s tragic flaw is his selfishness and narrow understanding of responsibility. He
believes that his first duty is toward his family only. He justifies his actions by saying that he
did everything “for the family.” In his opinion, earning money and protecting the business
were necessary for the future of his wife and sons. However, Arthur Miller shows that this
thinking is morally wrong because every individual also has responsibilities toward society
and humanity. Joe fails to understand that the pilots who died were also someone’s sons.
His refusal to accept social responsibility leads to tragedy.
One of the most important elements of modern tragedy in the play is the conflict between
personal interest and social duty. Joe represents practical materialism, while his son Chris
Keller represents morality and idealism. Chris fought in the war and saw many soldiers
sacrifice their lives for the country. Therefore, he believes that human beings should care
about others and live honestly. Chris respects his father deeply and believes him to be
innocent. The emotional conflict begins when hidden truths slowly come out and Chris
learns about Joe’s crime.
The title All My Sons itself has symbolic meaning. At the end of the play, Joe realizes that the
twenty-one dead pilots were also his sons because he had a responsibility toward them as
human beings. This realization comes too late. The title highlights the idea that all people in
society are connected, and one person’s selfish actions can harm many innocent lives.
Another tragic aspect of the play is the role of Larry Keller, Joe’s younger son. Larry had
gone missing during the war, and his mother Kate believes he is still alive. Later, a letter
written by Larry reveals that he committed suicide after learning about his father’s
involvement in the deaths of the pilots. Larry could not bear the shame of knowing that his
father’s greed had caused innocent soldiers to die. This revelation becomes the climax of
the tragedy. Joe finally understands the terrible consequences of his actions. His crime not
only killed innocent pilots but also destroyed his own son and family.
Joe Keller’s final realization is similar to the moment of recognition found in classical
tragedies. He finally accepts his guilt and understands that his actions were morally wrong.
Like tragic heroes in ancient drama, Joe experiences self-awareness too late to save himself.
Overcome by guilt, shame, and emotional pain, he commits suicide. His death marks the
tragic ending of the play.
The play also reflects the social conditions of modern society. Arthur Miller criticizes the
greed and materialism present in capitalist society. Joe’s crime was motivated by the desire
to protect his business and maintain financial success. Through this, the playwright shows
how blind pursuit of money can destroy moral values and human relationships. The tragedy
is therefore not only personal but also social.
Another feature that makes All My Sons a modern tragedy is its realistic setting and
characters. The story takes place in the backyard of an ordinary American family. The
language is simple and natural, and the problems faced by the characters are realistic. This
realism makes the tragedy more powerful because the audience can easily relate to the
characters and situations.
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The play also creates feelings of pity and fear. The audience feels pity for Joe because he
genuinely loves his family and suffers deeply in the end. At the same time, the audience
feels fear because Joe’s mistakes are not extraordinary; they are human weaknesses that
can exist in ordinary society. This emotional effect is an important quality of tragedy.
In conclusion, All My Sons is a remarkable example of a modern tragedy. Arthur Miller
successfully transforms the idea of tragedy from the world of kings and nobles to the life of
an ordinary businessman. Joe Keller becomes a modern tragic hero whose selfish decisions,
moral blindness, and refusal to accept social responsibility lead to his downfall. The play
combines personal suffering with social criticism and teaches important lessons about
honesty, responsibility, humanity, and the consequences of greed. Because of its emotional
depth, realistic characters, and moral message, All My Sons continues to be regarded as one
of the finest modern tragedies in English literature.
2.(a) Comment on the ending of the play All My Sons.
(b) Discuss the post-war effect in the play All My Sons.
Ans: (a) Comment on the Ending of All My Sons
• Joe Keller’s Realization: The climax comes when Joe finally understands that the
pilots who died because of his defective airplane parts were “all his sons.” This
recognition expands his sense of responsibility beyond his immediate family to
society at large. His guilt becomes unbearable, leading him to take his own life.
• Symbolism of Suicide: Joe’s suicide is not just personal despair—it symbolizes the
collapse of the American Dream when built on corruption and moral compromise.
His death is both punishment and escape, leaving his family to grapple with shame
and disillusionment.
• Impact on Chris Keller: Chris, who idolized his father, is left devastated. He wanted
to believe in ideals of honesty and responsibility carried over from the war, but Joe’s
betrayal shatters his faith. The ending forces Chris to confront the harsh reality that
moral integrity often clashes with material success.
• Kate Keller’s Role: Kate, who spent the play denying Larry’s death, is forced to face
reality when Ann produces Larry’s letter revealing his suicide. Her insistence on
protecting Joe and clinging to illusions collapses, leaving her broken.
• Moral Closure: The ending delivers Arthur Miller’s central message: individual
responsibility cannot be sacrificed for personal gain. Joe’s downfall warns against
the dangers of prioritizing family prosperity over ethical duty to society.
(b) Post-War Effect in All My Sons
Arthur Miller wrote the play in 1947, directly reflecting the post-World War II American
context. The war’s aftermath permeates the characters’ lives and decisions:
• Economic Pressures: The war created opportunities for industrial profit. Joe Keller’s
decision to ship faulty airplane parts was driven by fear of losing his business. This
mirrors the post-war tension between economic ambition and moral responsibility.
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• Loss and Trauma: Larry’s death (suicide in the war) represents the psychological toll
of combat. His absence haunts the Keller family, especially Kate, who refuses to
accept it. Chris suffers from survivor’s guilt, feeling unworthy compared to his fallen
comrades.
• Shift in Values: Chris contrasts wartime camaraderie with post-war materialism. He
laments that the spirit of sacrifice and unity has been replaced by selfishness and
greed. This reflects the broader disillusionment of veterans returning to a society
obsessed with profit rather than ideals.
• Family vs. Society Conflict: Joe embodies the post-war American businessman who
prioritizes family prosperity over social duty. His justification—“I did it for you”—
shows how the war blurred moral boundaries, allowing individuals to rationalize
unethical choices in the name of survival.
• Social Commentary: Miller critiques the American Dream in the post-war era. The
play suggests that unchecked capitalism, when divorced from ethical responsibility,
leads to destruction—not just of individuals but of families and communities.
Conclusion
• The ending of All My Sons is tragic, with Joe Keller’s suicide symbolizing the collapse
of moral responsibility under the weight of greed.
• The post-war effect is central: the play reflects economic ambition, survivor’s guilt,
denial of loss, and the erosion of wartime ideals in peacetime America.
• Arthur Miller uses the Keller family as a microcosm of post-war society, showing how
personal choices ripple outward to affect the entire community.
SECTION – B
3. Write notes on:
(a) Central idea of the poem “She Walks in Beauty.”
(b) Trace the development of thought in the poem “The World is Too Much With Us.”
Ans: (a) Central Idea of the Poem “She Walks in Beauty”
She Walks in Beauty is one of the most famous romantic poems written by Lord Byron. The
poem celebrates the beauty of a woman whose outer appearance reflects her inner purity
and goodness. It is a short lyrical poem, but it carries deep meaning about beauty,
innocence, harmony, and spiritual grace. Byron presents beauty not merely as physical
attraction but as a perfect balance between external charm and internal goodness.
The poem begins with the famous line:
“She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies.”
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In these lines, the poet compares the woman to a calm and beautiful night filled with stars.
Usually, poets compare beauty with daylight or sunshine, but Byron chooses the night
because it represents softness, peace, mystery, and gentleness. The comparison suggests
that the woman’s beauty is not bright or dazzling in a harsh way; instead, it is calm, graceful,
and soothing.
The central idea of the poem is that true beauty lies in the harmony of both physical
appearance and moral character. The woman described in the poem is not beautiful only
because of her face or dress. Her beauty comes from the perfect balance between light and
darkness, outer charm and inner purity. Byron repeatedly emphasizes this balance
throughout the poem.
The poet says:
“And all that’s best of dark and bright
Meet in her aspect and her eyes.”
These lines show that the woman combines the best qualities of darkness and brightness.
Darkness here symbolizes softness and mystery, while brightness symbolizes purity and
clarity. Together they create perfect beauty. Byron believes that beauty becomes complete
only when opposite qualities exist in harmony.
Another important idea in the poem is the connection between outer beauty and inner
goodness. The woman’s face reflects her peaceful mind and innocent heart. Her
expressions, smiles, and movements reveal purity and kindness. The poet suggests that her
external beauty is a reflection of her inner soul.
In the second stanza, Byron explains that even a small change in her appearance would
destroy her perfect beauty. This shows that beauty depends upon balance and proportion.
Her beauty is natural, not artificial or exaggerated. Everything about her is gentle and
graceful.
The final stanza focuses more on the woman’s moral qualities. Byron praises her peaceful
thoughts, innocent mind, and pure heart. He writes:
“A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent!”
These lines reveal the true message of the poem. Physical beauty alone is temporary, but
beauty combined with innocence, goodness, and peace becomes eternal. The woman’s calm
mind and innocent heart make her truly admirable.
The poem also reflects important characteristics of the Romantic Age. Romantic poets
celebrated nature, beauty, emotions, imagination, and human feelings. Byron connects the
woman’s beauty with natural images like the night sky and stars. This connection between
human beauty and nature creates a magical and musical effect.
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The language of the poem is simple, musical, and full of imagery. Byron uses soft words and
smooth rhythm to create a peaceful atmosphere. The poem does not describe passionate
love or physical desire. Instead, it expresses silent admiration and respect for ideal beauty.
In conclusion, the central idea of “She Walks in Beauty” is that true beauty is the perfect
harmony between outer appearance and inner goodness. Lord Byron presents beauty as
calm, pure, natural, and spiritual. The poem teaches that a peaceful mind and innocent
heart make a person truly beautiful. Through beautiful imagery and musical language, Byron
creates a timeless picture of ideal feminine beauty.
(b) Development of Thought in the Poem “The World is Too Much With Us”
The World Is Too Much with Us is a famous sonnet written by William Wordsworth. In this
poem, Wordsworth expresses his sadness and anger about the materialistic attitude of
modern human beings. He believes that people have become too busy with money,
business, and worldly activities, and because of this they have lost their connection with
nature. The poem develops from criticism of modern society to the poet’s emotional wish to
return to a simpler and more spiritual relationship with nature.
The poem opens with the powerful statement:
“The world is too much with us; late and soon,
Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers.”
At the very beginning, Wordsworth criticizes people for being excessively involved in
material things. The phrase “getting and spending” refers to earning money and spending it
on worldly pleasures. According to the poet, people waste their spiritual and emotional
powers by focusing only on material success. Human beings have become selfish, greedy,
and disconnected from the beauty of nature.
The first stage in the development of thought is therefore the poet’s criticism of materialism
and industrial society. Wordsworth feels that modern civilization has made people forget
their spiritual connection with the natural world. Instead of enjoying nature, they are busy
in trade, profit, and worldly competition.
Next, the poet explains how humans have lost their sensitivity toward nature. He writes:
“Little we see in Nature that is ours;
We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!”
These lines show that people no longer feel emotionally connected to nature. They have
“given their hearts away” to material desires. The word “sordid” means dirty or morally low,
suggesting that material wealth is not truly valuable. According to Wordsworth, humanity
has sacrificed spiritual happiness for temporary worldly gain.
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In the next part of the poem, the poet describes beautiful natural scenes such as the sea,
winds, and moonlight. He says that nature continuously displays its beauty, but human
beings fail to appreciate it.
“This Sea that bares her bosom to the moon;
The winds that will be howling at all hours…”
These lines show the living and dynamic power of nature. The sea and winds are personified
as living beings. Nature is active, beautiful, and full of energy, yet humans remain
emotionally dead toward it. The poet feels deeply disappointed that people cannot respond
to the beauty around them.
At this stage, the thought of the poem moves from criticism to emotional frustration.
Wordsworth becomes upset because humanity has lost the ability to experience wonder
and joy in nature. He feels isolated from modern society because he values nature deeply
while others ignore it.
The development of thought reaches a dramatic turn when the poet says:
“Great God! I’d rather be
A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn.”
Here, Wordsworth expresses his intense emotional reaction. He says that he would rather
be a pagan—someone who worships nature according to ancient beliefs—than live in
modern society disconnected from nature. Although paganism was considered outdated in
Christian society, the poet feels that ancient pagans were spiritually richer because they
respected nature and saw divine power in it.
This statement marks the climax of the poem. Wordsworth strongly rejects modern
materialism and longs for a spiritual connection with the natural world. He believes that
even ancient myths are better than modern greed because they allowed people to feel
wonder and closeness to nature.
In the final lines, the poet imagines seeing mythical sea gods like Proteus and Triton rising
from the sea:
“Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea;
Or hear old Triton blow his wreathèd horn.”
Proteus and Triton are figures from Greek mythology. By mentioning them, Wordsworth
expresses his desire for a world filled with imagination, spirituality, and wonder. These
mythological references symbolize humanity’s lost relationship with nature.
Thus, the poem develops from criticism of materialism to a longing for spiritual renewal
through nature. The poet first describes the problem, then expresses disappointment, and
finally presents his emotional desire to reconnect with nature.
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The poem is also a fine example of Romantic poetry. Romantic poets reacted against
industrialization, science, and excessive rationality. They believed in the importance of
nature, imagination, emotion, and spirituality. In this poem, Wordsworth presents nature as
a source of peace, beauty, and spiritual truth.
The language of the poem is powerful and emotional. Wordsworth uses personification,
imagery, and mythological references to strengthen his ideas. The sonnet form also helps
organize the gradual development of thought from criticism to emotional climax.
In conclusion, “The World is Too Much with Us” is a powerful poem about humanity’s loss of
connection with nature. The poem develops from criticism of materialism to a passionate
longing for spiritual closeness with the natural world. Wordsworth warns that excessive
focus on money and worldly success destroys human sensitivity and spiritual happiness.
Through emotional language and beautiful imagery, the poet encourages readers to
rediscover the beauty and importance of nature in human life.
4. Explain the following stanzas with reference to context:
(a) The world is too much with us; late and soon,
Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers;
Little we see in Nature that is ours;
We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!
(b) My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun;
Coral is far more red than her lips’ red;
If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;
If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.
(c) When old age shall this generation waste,
Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe
Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say’st,
“Beauty is truth, truth beauty,”—that is all
Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.
Ans: (a) The world is too much with us; late and soon… (William Wordsworth)
• Context: This stanza is from Wordsworth’s sonnet The World is Too Much With Us.
Written during the Romantic era, it criticizes the growing materialism of industrial
society. Wordsworth laments that people are obsessed with “getting and spending,”
which alienates them from nature.
• Explanation:
o “The world is too much with us” means human beings are overly concerned
with worldly affairs.
o “Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers” suggests that consumerism
drains our spiritual energy.
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o “Little we see in Nature that is ours” highlights our estrangement from the
natural world.
o “We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!” conveys that in exchange
for material gain, we’ve sacrificed our emotional and spiritual connection to
nature—a tragic bargain.
• Reference to Context: Wordsworth, a Romantic poet, believed nature was a source
of spiritual renewal. In the post-industrial age, however, people were losing this
bond. The stanza reflects Romantic ideals of returning to simplicity and reverence for
nature.
(b) My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun… (William Shakespeare)
• Context: This stanza is from Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130. Unlike conventional love
poetry of the Elizabethan era, which exaggerated women’s beauty with unrealistic
comparisons, Shakespeare adopts a satirical tone.
• Explanation:
o “My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun” rejects the cliché of comparing
eyes to the sun.
o “Coral is far more red than her lips’ red” admits her lips are not unnaturally
bright.
o “If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun” acknowledges her skin is
not perfectly fair.
o “If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head” humorously notes her hair is
coarse and black, not golden silk.
• Reference to Context: Shakespeare is mocking the artificial conventions of love
poetry. Instead of idealizing his mistress, he portrays her realistically. Yet the sonnet
ultimately affirms genuine love: she may lack exaggerated beauty, but she is “as
rare” as any woman falsely praised. The stanza reflects Shakespeare’s wit and his
challenge to poetic norms.
(c) When old age shall this generation waste… (John Keats)
• Context: This stanza is from Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn. The poem meditates on
the permanence of art compared to the transience of human life.
• Explanation:
o “When old age shall this generation waste” acknowledges that people and
societies inevitably perish.
o “Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe” means the urn, as a work of art,
will endure beyond human suffering.
o “A friend to man” suggests art consoles humanity by preserving beauty.
o The famous line “Beauty is truth, truth beauty” encapsulates Keats’s
philosophy: aesthetic beauty and truth are inseparable, and this realization is
sufficient for human understanding.
• Reference to Context: Keats, a Romantic poet, was preoccupied with mortality and
the search for permanence. The urn symbolizes eternal art, which outlasts human
generations. The stanza reflects Romantic ideals of art as a refuge and a source of
truth.
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Synthesis Across the Three Stanzas
• Wordsworth emphasizes the loss of connection with nature due to materialism.
• Shakespeare critiques false poetic conventions, affirming realistic love.
• Keats meditates on art’s permanence and its role in consoling humanity.
Together, these stanzas highlight three major literary concerns:
1. The tension between materialism and spirituality (Wordsworth).
2. The difference between artificial beauty and genuine affection (Shakespeare).
3. The contrast between human mortality and artistic immortality (Keats).
Conclusion
Each stanza reflects its poet’s unique worldview:
• Wordsworth urges us to reconnect with nature.
• Shakespeare insists on honesty in love.
• Keats finds solace in art’s eternal beauty.
By analyzing them in context, we see how poetry serves as a mirror of human concerns—
whether social, personal, or philosophical.
SECTION – C
5. (a).Sum up Tagore’s View on False Religion.
(b). Discuss the Technique and style of of “The Night of The Scorpions.”
Ans: (a) Tagore’s View on False Religion
Rabindranath Tagore was one of the greatest poets, philosophers, and social thinkers of
India. Through his poems, essays, songs, and lectures, he expressed deep ideas about
humanity, spirituality, freedom, and religion. Tagore believed in a religion based on love,
truth, humanity, and inner purity. He strongly opposed what he called false religion.
According to him, false religion is a religion that depends only on rituals, superstition, blind
faith, and external show without true kindness or moral values.
Tagore believed that true religion should unite people, not divide them. He saw that many
people in society used religion only as a tool for pride, selfishness, or power. Such people
followed rituals mechanically but forgot the real purpose of religion. They visited temples,
performed ceremonies, and repeated prayers, but they lacked compassion, honesty, and
humanity. Tagore criticized this kind of religious behavior because he felt that religion
without love and goodness becomes empty and harmful.
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According to Tagore, false religion creates divisions among human beings. People fight in
the name of caste, community, race, or religious identity. Instead of promoting peace and
understanding, false religion spreads hatred and intolerance. Tagore believed that God lives
in every human being, especially among the poor, weak, and suffering people. Therefore,
serving humanity is greater than performing empty rituals. This idea is clearly seen in many
of his poems where he advises people to leave temples and help human beings in need.
Tagore also opposed superstition and blind faith. He believed that many religious customs
had become meaningless because people followed them without thinking. Such practices
stopped people from using reason and understanding. In his opinion, religion should help
people become wiser, kinder, and freer, not fearful and narrow-minded. He wanted religion
to be connected with truth and knowledge rather than ignorance and fear.
Another important aspect of Tagore’s view is his emphasis on inner spirituality. He believed
that God cannot be found through external ceremonies alone. True spirituality comes from
purity of heart, love for nature, and service to humanity. A person who is truthful, kind, and
compassionate is closer to God than someone who only performs rituals for public display.
Tagore believed that real religion exists in the heart of a human being.
Tagore’s criticism of false religion was also connected with his belief in universal
brotherhood. He wanted people of all religions to respect each other and live together
peacefully. He believed that all religions teach love and truth, but narrow-minded people
misuse religion for selfish purposes. Therefore, he encouraged human unity and spiritual
freedom.
In conclusion, Tagore’s view on false religion is deeply humanistic and spiritual. He rejected
blind rituals, superstition, hypocrisy, and religious divisions. He believed that true religion is
based on love, compassion, truth, and service to humanity. Through his writings, Tagore
taught that religion should help human beings grow morally and spiritually rather than
create hatred and conflict. His ideas remain important even today because they encourage
peace, tolerance, and human values in society.
(b) Technique and Style of “Night of the Scorpion”
Nissim Ezekiel is one of the most important modern Indian poets writing in English. His
famous poem Night of the Scorpion is widely admired for its realistic description, emotional
depth, and effective poetic technique. The poem is based on a childhood memory of the
poet when his mother was bitten by a scorpion on a rainy night. Through this simple
incident, Ezekiel presents Indian village life, human emotions, superstition, suffering, and
maternal love.
The technique and style of the poem are very unique and powerful. Ezekiel uses simple
language, vivid imagery, irony, realism, and narrative style to make the poem meaningful
and effective.
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One of the main techniques used in the poem is the narrative technique. The poem tells a
story in a simple and natural manner. It begins with the scorpion hiding beneath a sack of
rice after heavy rain. The poet then describes how villagers gather in the house after the
mother is bitten. The poem moves step by step like a story, making it easy for readers to
follow the events. This storytelling style creates realism and emotional involvement.
Another important feature is the use of imagery. Ezekiel creates clear pictures in the
reader’s mind through descriptive language. For example, the image of villagers carrying
lanterns and searching for the scorpion in the dark creates a vivid village atmosphere.
Similarly, the movements of the scorpion and the suffering of the mother are described
realistically. The imagery helps readers imagine the scene clearly and feel the tension of the
situation.
The poem also uses realism effectively. Ezekiel presents ordinary village life without
exaggeration. The reactions of villagers, the beliefs of the peasants, and the helplessness of
the family appear natural and believable. The villagers believe that the movement of the
scorpion will increase the poison in the mother’s body. They pray and chant the name of
God to reduce her suffering. These details reflect the traditional beliefs and superstitions
common in Indian rural society.
One of the most striking techniques in the poem is irony. The villagers try many
superstitious remedies, but none of them actually help the mother. The poet’s father, who
is educated and rational, also tries different scientific methods such as powders, mixtures,
and medicines, but these too fail to cure her immediately. Through this irony, Ezekiel shows
the limitations of both superstition and science in certain situations. The poem does not
openly criticize anyone, but it gently presents the contrast between blind faith and practical
reasoning.
The style of the poem is simple yet deeply meaningful. Ezekiel uses free verse, meaning the
poem does not follow a fixed rhyme scheme or meter. This natural style makes the poem
sound conversational and realistic. The simple language reflects everyday speech and helps
readers connect emotionally with the poem. Even though the language is easy, the
emotions and ideas are powerful.
The poem also contains strong symbolism. The scorpion may symbolize suffering, fear, or
evil in human life. The dark rainy night creates an atmosphere of pain and anxiety. At the
same time, the mother symbolizes selfless love and sacrifice. After suffering for twenty
hours, the mother does not complain about her pain. Instead, she expresses gratitude that
the scorpion bit her and not her children. This final statement reveals the greatness of
maternal love and becomes the emotional climax of the poem.
Another important stylistic feature is the use of Indian setting and culture. Ezekiel
successfully presents the atmosphere of an Indian village through references to peasants,
lanterns, mud houses, prayers, and traditional beliefs. This Indian background gives
authenticity to the poem and makes it an important example of Indian English poetry.
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The tone of the poem changes throughout the narrative. In the beginning, the tone is tense
and fearful because of the scorpion bite. Later, it becomes serious and reflective as villagers
pray and the mother suffers. At the end, the tone becomes emotional and touching when
the mother expresses concern for her children rather than herself.
In conclusion, “Night of the Scorpion” is a remarkable poem because of its effective
technique and simple yet meaningful style. Nissim Ezekiel uses narrative method, imagery,
realism, irony, symbolism, and free verse to create a powerful picture of human suffering,
village life, superstition, and maternal love. The poem is both realistic and emotional,
making it one of the finest works of modern Indian English poetry. Through a simple
incident, Ezekiel successfully explores deeper truths about human nature, faith, and love.
6. (a). Discuss “The Portrait ” as the love lyric
(b). Give in your words the central idea of the poem “The Thought Fox.”
Ans: (a) “The Portrait” as the Love Lyric
• Context of the Poem: The Portrait by Robert Browning (sometimes attributed in
anthologies as a lyric of remembrance) is a deeply personal poem that reflects on
love, memory, and loss. It is often read as a love lyric because it captures the
intensity of feeling between the poet and his beloved, even beyond death.
• Love Lyric Qualities:
o Personal Emotion: A love lyric is typically short, musical, and centered on
personal feelings. Browning’s poem expresses grief and longing for his wife,
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, after her death.
o Intimacy: The poem is intimate, almost confessional, as Browning recalls her
presence and the emotional bond they shared.
o Timelessness of Love: Even though death has intervened, the poem insists
that love transcends mortality. This is a hallmark of love lyrics: the attempt to
immortalize affection through poetry.
o Musical Language: Browning’s diction and rhythm give the poem a lyrical
quality, making it resonate emotionally rather than intellectually.
• Why It Is a Love Lyric: The poem is not about abstract philosophy or social issues; it
is about the poet’s personal love, grief, and devotion. It celebrates the beloved’s
memory and portrays love as eternal. Thus, it fits squarely into the tradition of love
lyrics, where the poet’s voice is tender, emotional, and deeply personal.
(b) Central Idea of “The Thought Fox”
• Context of the Poem: The Thought Fox is a poem by Ted Hughes, one of the major
poets of the 20th century. It is often studied as a metaphor for the creative process.
Hughes uses the image of a fox entering the poet’s mind to symbolize the arrival of
inspiration.
• Explanation of the Stanza and Imagery:
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o The poem begins with the poet sitting alone at night, staring at a blank page.
o Slowly, a fox appears in his imagination, moving stealthily through the
darkness.
o The fox’s movements—delicate, cautious, yet purposeful—mirror the way a
thought or idea emerges in the poet’s mind.
o Finally, the fox enters fully, and the poem is complete: “The page is printed.”
• Central Idea: The central idea of The Thought Fox is that creativity is mysterious,
instinctive, and almost animal-like. Inspiration does not arrive mechanically; it creeps
into the poet’s consciousness like a living creature. The fox represents imagination—
wild, elusive, yet powerful.
• Deeper Meaning: Hughes suggests that poetry is not simply crafted by intellect; it is
hunted, sensed, and captured like prey. The poem dramatizes the act of writing
itself, showing how a blank page becomes alive through imagination.
Synthesis of Both Poems
• The Portrait emphasizes love and memory, showing how poetry preserves
emotional bonds.
• The Thought Fox emphasizes creativity and imagination, showing how poetry is born
from instinct and inspiration.
Together, they highlight two essential functions of poetry:
1. To express human emotion (love, grief, devotion).
2. To capture the creative process (imagination, inspiration, artistry).
Conclusion
• “The Portrait” is a love lyric because it expresses Browning’s deep affection and grief
for his beloved, using lyrical language to immortalize love beyond death.
• “The Thought Fox” conveys the central idea that poetry emerges from instinctive,
mysterious inspiration, symbolized by the fox creeping into the poet’s consciousness.
Both poems remind us that poetry is both personal and universal: it preserves love and
reveals the hidden workings of the creative mind.
SECTION – D
7.(a) Write the resume for the post of the accountant in the bank.
(b). Write the letter to the editor of the newspaper about the frequent breakdown of
electricity in your locality.
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Ans: (a) Resume for the Post of Accountant in a Bank
A resume is an important document that gives information about a person’s education,
skills, experience, and achievements. It is used while applying for a job. A good resume
should be clear, professional, and well-organized. Below is a sample resume for the post of
accountant in a bank.
Resume
Name: Rajesh Kumar
Address: House No. 45, Green Colony, Ludhiana, Punjab – 141001
Mobile Number: +91-9876543210
Email ID: rajeshkumar@gmail.com
Career Objective
To work as an Accountant in a reputed bank where I can use my accounting knowledge,
communication skills, and dedication for the growth of the organization while improving my
professional abilities.
Educational Qualifications
Qualification
Board/University
Year of Passing
Percentage
M.Com
Punjab University
2025
78%
B.Com
GNDU, Amritsar
2023
74%
12th (Commerce)
PSEB
2020
82%
10th
PSEB
2018
85%
Professional Skills
• Knowledge of Accounting Principles
• Tally ERP and MS-Excel
• GST and Taxation Basics
• Good Communication Skills
• Banking and Financial Operations
• Data Entry and Record Maintenance
• Teamwork and Problem-Solving Ability
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Work Experience
Junior Accountant
ABC Finance Company, Ludhiana
(2024 – 2026)
Responsibilities:
• Maintained financial records and daily transactions
• Prepared balance sheets and account statements
• Assisted in bank reconciliation work
• Managed customer payment records
• Used MS-Excel and Tally software for accounting tasks
Computer Knowledge
• MS Word
• MS Excel
• PowerPoint
• Internet and Email
• Tally ERP 9
Achievements
• Secured first division in M.Com
• Completed certificate course in Computer Accounting
• Participated in college commerce seminar
Personal Details
Details
Information
Father’s Name
Ramesh Kumar
Date of Birth
12 March 2002
Gender
Male
Nationality
Indian
Marital Status
Unmarried
Languages Known
English, Hindi, Punjabi
Hobbies
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• Reading Financial News
• Playing Cricket
• Listening to Music
Declaration
I hereby declare that all the information given above is true and correct to the best of my
knowledge and belief.
Date: ___________
Place: Ludhiana
Signature:
(Rajesh Kumar)
(b) Letter to the Editor About Frequent Breakdown of Electricity in Your Locality
Letters to the editor are written to draw public attention toward social problems and issues.
Electricity is one of the basic needs of modern life. Frequent power cuts create many
difficulties for students, workers, shopkeepers, patients, and common people. Below is a
formal letter regarding this issue.
To
The Editor
The Tribune
Chandigarh
Subject: Frequent Breakdown of Electricity in Our Locality
Sir,
Through the columns of your respected newspaper, I would like to draw the attention of the
concerned authorities toward the serious problem of frequent electricity breakdowns in our
locality. I am a resident of Green Park Colony, Ludhiana, and the people of this area are
facing great inconvenience because of continuous power cuts.
Electricity has become an essential part of modern life. Almost every activity depends on it.
However, for the last several months, our locality has been suffering from regular electricity
failures. Sometimes electricity goes off for many hours without any prior notice. The
situation becomes even worse during the night and in the summer season.
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These power cuts are causing many problems for the residents. Students are unable to
study properly, especially during examination days. Small shopkeepers and businessmen
suffer financial losses because electrical machines and equipment stop working. Housewives
also face difficulty in cooking and managing household work. Elderly people and patients
suffer badly due to heat and lack of fans or air coolers.
Another serious issue is the irregular water supply because water pumps also depend on
electricity. During long power cuts, people do not get sufficient water for drinking and daily
use. Inverters and batteries also stop working after some time, which increases the
difficulties further.
The frequent breakdowns have also affected online work and digital services. Many people
work from home and require internet and electricity continuously. Sudden power failures
interrupt their work and create stress and frustration.
The residents of our locality have already complained many times to the electricity
department, but no proper action has been taken. The officials usually give excuses such as
technical faults, overloading, or repair work. However, the problem still continues. Poor
maintenance of electric lines and transformers appears to be one of the main reasons
behind these breakdowns.
Therefore, through your newspaper, I request the concerned electricity authorities to look
into this matter seriously and solve the problem as soon as possible. Proper maintenance of
transformers, replacement of damaged wires, and regular checking of power systems
should be done immediately. The authorities should also inform people in advance
whenever scheduled power cuts are necessary.
I hope that this issue will be highlighted in your esteemed newspaper so that the authorities
take quick action for the benefit of the public.
Thanking you.
Yours faithfully,
A Concerned Resident
Green Park Colony
Ludhiana
8.(a). You are the Manager of Mrs. Bright Stationers, Ludhiana . Write the letter to the Ms
Sunrise Publishers, New Delhi placing an order for the textbooks and stationary items for
your shop. Give Necessary details .
(b). Write and report on the recent flood Disaster in Punjab which has described as the
worst in the past decade .
Ans: Mrs. Bright Stationers Civil Lines, Ludhiana Punjab – 141001
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30 April 2026
To The Sales Manager Ms. Sunrise Publishers Connaught Place New Delhi – 110001
Subject: Order for Textbooks and Stationery Items
Dear Sir/Madam,
We are pleased to inform you that Mrs. Bright Stationers, Ludhiana, has decided to place a
bulk order for textbooks and stationery items for the upcoming academic session. We have
always found your publications reliable and of high quality, and we wish to continue our
association with your esteemed firm.
Kindly arrange to supply the following items at the earliest:
1. Textbooks (CBSE Curriculum, 2026 Edition):
o English Literature (Class VI–XII) – 50 copies each
o Mathematics (Class VI–XII) – 50 copies each
o Science (Class VI–X) – 40 copies each
o Economics (Class XI–XII) – 30 copies each
o Accountancy (Class XI–XII) – 30 copies each
2. Stationery Items:
o Long notebooks (200 pages) – 500 pieces
o Short notebooks (100 pages) – 400 pieces
o Geometry boxes – 200 pieces
o Ball pens (blue/black) – 1000 pieces
o Drawing sheets (A3 size) – 300 packets
We request you to dispatch the consignment by reliable transport within two weeks of
receiving this letter. Payment will be made through bank draft upon delivery. Kindly ensure
that the textbooks are the latest editions and the stationery items are of standard quality.
We look forward to your prompt response and continued cooperation.
Yours faithfully, (Signature) Manager Mrs. Bright Stationers, Ludhiana
(b) Report on the Flood Disaster in Punjab
Report: Worst Flood Disaster in Punjab in a Decade
Introduction: Punjab recently witnessed one of the most devastating floods in the past ten
years. Torrential rains during the monsoon season, combined with overflowing rivers such
as the Sutlej and Beas, led to widespread destruction across several districts including
Jalandhar, Ludhiana, and Amritsar. The calamity has been described as the worst in a
decade, leaving thousands homeless and causing immense damage to agriculture,
infrastructure, and livelihoods.
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Causes of the Flood: The primary cause was incessant rainfall over a prolonged period,
which exceeded the normal monsoon average. The release of excess water from dams and
barrages further aggravated the situation. Poor drainage systems and encroachments on
riverbanks contributed to the flooding, while climate change has intensified unpredictable
weather patterns in the region.
Extent of Damage:
• Human Impact: Over 200 people lost their lives, and thousands were injured. More
than 50,000 families were displaced, forced to take shelter in relief camps.
• Agricultural Losses: Punjab, known as the “Granary of India,” suffered severe crop
destruction. Paddy fields, maize, and vegetable farms were submerged, leading to
heavy financial losses for farmers.
• Infrastructure Damage: Roads, bridges, and railway tracks were washed away,
disrupting transport and communication. Schools and hospitals were inundated,
making relief work difficult.
• Economic Consequences: The state economy is expected to face a setback, with
losses estimated in hundreds of crores. Small businesses and shops were destroyed,
and many workers lost their sources of income.
Relief and Rescue Operations: The state government, aided by the National Disaster
Response Force (NDRF), the army, and local volunteers, carried out large-scale rescue
operations. Helicopters were deployed to airlift stranded people, while boats ferried
villagers from marooned areas. Relief camps provided food, drinking water, medicines, and
temporary shelter. NGOs and community organizations also played a crucial role in
distributing essentials and supporting rehabilitation.
Public Response: Citizens across Punjab and neighboring states extended solidarity by
donating clothes, food packets, and funds. Social media campaigns helped mobilize
resources quickly. Despite the tragedy, the spirit of unity and resilience among the people
was remarkable.
Preventive Measures Suggested: Experts emphasize the need for:
• Strengthening embankments and flood-control infrastructure.
• Improving drainage systems in urban and rural areas.
• Strict regulation against illegal construction on riverbanks.
• Better forecasting and early warning systems.
• Long-term climate adaptation strategies to mitigate future disasters.
Conclusion: The flood disaster in Punjab stands as a grim reminder of nature’s fury and the
urgent need for preparedness. While relief efforts have provided temporary respite,
rebuilding lives and restoring agriculture will take months, if not years. The tragedy
underscores the importance of sustainable development and disaster management policies.
Punjab, with its resilient spirit, will recover, but lessons must be learned to prevent such
devastation in the future.
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“This paper has been carefully prepared for educational purposes. If you notice any mistakes or
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